Study Questions: Faults

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The quiz about faults will involve questions like the ones that follow.

Note: Whenever you see reference to Tarbuck, in the following questions, that means the eText of the textbook by Tarbuck and others, Earth

1. The term ___ refers to a system of forces acting over a surface area.
2. If a system of forces acts on a (rock) body with a greater magnitude in one direction and a lesser magnitude in another direction, that system of forces is called ___.
3. If a system of forces acts on a (rock) body with the same magnitude in all directions, that system of forces is called ___.
4. A rock body can have its location changed (translation) relative to some reference frame, or its angular relationships changed relative to some reference frame (rotation), or it can change its volume (dilatancy), or shape (distortion). Translation, rotation, dilation, and distortion are all ways that a rock body can ___.
5. A deformation of a rock body that occurs when stress is changed, but that returns to its original state when the stress is changed back to the original state, is called a(n) ___ deformation.
6. ___ deformation involves the development of fractures or faults.
7. ___ deformation involves the flow of rock without fracturing or faulting.
8. Increasing the lithostatic pressure on a rock tends to make the rock (choose one: stronger, weaker), assuming all other environmental factors (such as temperature, water content, rock type, etc.) are held constant.
9. Increasing the temperature on a rock tends to make the rock (choose one: stronger, weaker), assuming all other environmental factors (such as lithostatic pressure, water content, rock type, etc.) are held constant.
10. A dip-slip fault along which the hanging-wall block moves down the inclined fault surface is called a ___ fault.
11. A dip-slip fault along which the hanging-wall block moves up the inclined fault surface is called a ___ fault.
12. A fault along which each side moves horizontally relative to the other side along a vertical or near-vertical fault is called a ___ fault.
13. A typical type of dip-slip fault that is formed where Earth's crust is being shortened horizontally (as a result of horizontal compressional stress) is a ___ fault.
14. A typical type of dip-slip fault that is formed where Earth's crust is being stretched horizontally (as a result of horizontal tensional or extensional stress) is a ___ fault.
15. Fractures that can be followed for many meters or even kilometers across Earth's surface, and that do not show evidence of sliding along the fracture surface (that is, they are not faults) are called ___.

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