Brief Primer on Global Warming

CroninProjects.org/ October2024/ Climate/

Arctic cyclone, as captured by a NASA satellite on July 28, 2020.

A perspective on revolutions, revisions, rights, and responsibilities in the geosciences

Revised October 13, 2024

A Brief Primer on Global Warming

Presentation Files

Script: PDF (179 KB)
Slide decks without embedded videos: Keynote (106 MB) — PDF (99 MB) — PowerPoint (94 MB)
Slide decks with embedded videos: Keynote (649 MB) — PowerPoint (637 MB)
Video sources
1. Video shown in slide 51
  NASA Scientific Visualization Studio
  Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) makes carbon dioxide measurements using the Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation Mission (EMIT) — a methane and carbon dioxide plume mapper
  https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5332/
2. Video shown in slide 52
  NASA Scientific Visualization Studio
  DYAMOND Global Carbon Dioxide
  https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5196/
3. Video shown in slide 53
  NASA Scientific Visualization Studio
  Watching the Earth breathe: An animation of seasonal vegetation and its effect on Earth's global atmospheric carbon dioxide.
  https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3947
4. Video shown in slide 55
  NASA Scientific Visualization Studio
  Twelve consecutive months of global surface temperature records, Jan 1880 to May 2024 (rotating graph)
  https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5311/
5. Video shown in slide 57
  NASA Scientific Visualization Lab
  Global Temperature Graph 1880-Present (rotating graph)
  https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5191/
6. Video shown in slide 58
  NASA Scientific Visualization Lab
  Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 to 2023
  https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5207/
7. Video shown in slide 59
  NASA Scientific Visualization Lab
  Zonal Climate Anomalies 1880-2023
  https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5209/
8. Video shown in slide 76
  NASA Scientific Visualization Lab
  Global Mean Sea Level 1993-2023 (rotating graph)
  https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5312/
Part that was not presented due to time constraints
- Script: PDF (133 KB)
- Slides: PowerPoint (35 MB)

Internet Resources

American Chemical Society, Climate Science Toolkit: https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience.html
American Institue of Physics, History of how scientists came to (partly) understand the problem of climate change by Spencer Weart: https://history.aip.org/climate
American Meteorological Society, State of the Climate: https://www.ametsoc.org/index.cfm/ams/publications/bulletin-of-the-american-meteorological-society-bams/state-of-the-climate/
Climate Central, accessed 2023, The Coastal Risk Screening Tool: coastal.climatecentral.org
NASA's Earth Observatory: www.earthobservatory.nasa.gov
NASA Climate Change portal: climate.nasa.gov
NASA information about orbital satellites that contribute to our understanding of global sea level (Jason 1, Jason 2, Jason 3, ICESat, ICESat-2, GRACE, GRACE-FO, Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich, SWOT, NASA-ISRO-SAR, Sentinel-6b): sealevel.nasa.gov/data/missions
NASA information about the carbon cycle: www.earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/CarbonCycle
NASA information about sea-level rise: sealevel.nasa.gov/understanding-sea-level/key-indicators/global-mean-sea-level/200
NASA GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), version 4 from NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies: data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/
NOAA Climate portal: www.noaa.gov/climate
NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory at the Mauna Loa Observatory: www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/obop/mlo/
NOAA data from the Mauna Loa Observatory showing trends in atmospheric CO2: www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/data.html
NOAAA, accessed 2023, The Sea Level Rise Viewer: coast.noaa.gov/slr/#
NOAA sea level trends: tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/sltrends/sltrends.html
Scripps Institution of Oceanography information about the Argo Program: www.argo.ucsd.edu
Scripps Institution of Oceanography CO2 portal: scrippsco2.ucsd.edu
Scripps Institution of Oceanography atmospheric monitoring laboratory at the Mauna Loa Observatory: scripps.ucsd.edu/programs/keelingcurve/ and https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu
UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: www.ipcc.ch
UN Environment Programme, Emissions Gap Report 2019: www.unenvironment.org/resources/emissions-gap-report-2019
USGS Sea Level Rise Data Viewer
explanation usgs.maps.arcgis.com/apps/Cascade/index.html?appid=668f6dc7014d45228c993302d3eab2f5
data viewer geoport.usgs.esipfed.org/terriaslc/
U.S. Global Change Research Program: www.globalchange.gov and its library of online reports at https://globalchange.gov/reports
U.S. Global Change Research Program, Fifth National Climate Assessment: https://nca2023.globalchange.gov
U.S. Global Change Research Program, Fourth National Climate Assessment, Executive Summary, Volume 1: science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary
U.S. Global Change Research Program, Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume 1: science2017.globalchange.gov
U.S. Global Change Research Program, Fourth National Climate Assessment, Summary Findings, Volume 2: nca2018.globalchange.gov/#sf-1
U.S. Global Change Research Program, Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume 2: nca2018.globalchange.gov

Books

Alley, Richard B., 2000, The Two-Mile Time Machine -- Ice Cores, Abrupt Climate Change, and Our Future: Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 239 p.
Bolin, B., 2007, A History of the Science and Politics of Climate Change -- The Role of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 277 p.
Broeker, W., 2010, The Great Ocean Conveyor -- Discovering the Trigger for Abrupt Climate Change: Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 154 p.
Charney, J.G., Study Group Chairman, 1979, Carbon Dioxide and Climate: A Scientific Assessment: Washington DC, National Academies Press, https://doi.org/10.17226/12181, https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12181/carbon-dioxide-and-climate-a-scientific-assessment
Cronin, T.M., 2009, Paleoclimates -- Understanding Climate Change Past and Present: Columbia University Press, New York, 441 p.
Fagan, B., 2000, The Little Ice Age -- How Climate Made History 1300-1850: Basic Books, New York, 246 p.
Fagan, B., 2004, The Long Summer -- How Climate Changed Civilization: Basic Books, New York, 284 p.
Gautier, C., 2008, Oil, Water, and Climate -- An Introduction: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 366 p.
Mann, M.E., and Kump, L.R., 2009, Dire Predictions -- Understanding Global Warming: DK Publishing, New York, 208 p.
Mims, F.E., III, 2012, Hawai'i's Mauna Loa Observatory -- Fifty Years of Monitoring the Atmosphere: University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu, 461 p.
Murray-Wallace, C.V., and Woodroffe, C.D., 2014, Quaternary Sea-Level Changes -- A Global Perspective: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 484 p.
Neuendorf, K.K.E., Mehl, J.P., Jr., and Jackson, J.A., 2011, Glossary of Geology [5th edition, revised]: Alexandria, Virginia, American Geosciences Institute, 800 pp.
Nierenberg, W.A., Committee Chairman, 1983, Changing Climate -- Report of the Carbon Dioxide Assessment Committee: Washington, D.C., National Academy Press, doi 10.17226/18714, https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18714/changing-climate-report-of-the-carbon-dioxide-assessment-committee
Oreskes, N., and Conway, E.M., 2014, The Collapse of Western Civilization -- A View from the Future: Columbia University Press, New York, 92 p.
Richter, B., 2010, Beyond Smoke and Mirrors--Climate Change and Energy in the 21st Century: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 226 p.
Ruddiman, W.F., 2014, Earth's Climate, Past and Future [3rd edition]: W.H. Freeman & Co., New York, 445 p.
Ruddiman, W.F., 2005, Plows, Plagues & Petroleum--How Humans Took Control of Climate: Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 202 p.
Sverdrup, H.U., Johnson, M.W., and Fleming, R.H., 1942, The Oceans--Their Physics, Chemistry, and General Biology: Prentice-Hall, New York, 1087 p., https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=kt167nb66r
Weart, S.R., 2008, The Discovery of Global Warming: Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 230 p.

Published Papers or Book Chapters

Bazin, L., and 21 others, 2013, An optimized multi-proxy, multi-site Antarctic ice and gas orbital chronology (AICC2012) 120-800 ka: Climates of the Past, v. 9, p. 1715-1731, doi:10.5194/cp-9-1715-2013.
Chambers, D.P., Cazenave, A., Champollion, N., Dieng, H., Llovel, W., Forsberg, R., von Schuckmann, K., and Wada, Y., 2017, Evaluation of the Global Mean Sea Level Budget between 1993 and 2014: Surveys of Geophysics, v. 38, p. 309-327, doi:10.1007/s10712-016-9381-3.
Earth.org, accessed 2023, earth.org/data_visualization/hotspots-us-dams-under-pressure/
Fluixa-Sanmartin, J, Altarejos-Garcia, L, Morales-Torres, A, and Escuder-Bueno, I, 2018, Review article: Climate change impacts on dam safety: Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, v. 18, p. 2471-2488, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2471-2018
Hansen, J., Sato, M., Russell, G., and Kharecha, P, 2013, Climate sensitivity, sea level and atmospheric carbon dioxide: Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society A, v. 371: 2012.0294, http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0294.
Jouzel, J., and 31 others, 2007, Orbital and millennial Antarctic climate variability over the past 800,000 years: Science, v. 317, p. 793-796, doi:10.1126/science.1141038.
Keeling, C.D., Piper, S.C., Bacastow, R.B., Wahlen, M., Whorf, T.P., Heimann, M., and H. A. Meijer, H.A., 2005, Atmospheric CO₂ and 13CO₂ exchange with the terrestrial biosphere and oceans from 1978 to 2000: observations and carbon cycle implications, in Ehleringer, J.R., Cerling, T.E., and Dearing, M.D., [eds], A History of Atmospheric CO₂ and Its Effects on Plants, Animals, and Ecosystems: Springer Verlag, New York, p. 83-113.
Kreemer, C., Hammond, W.C., and Blewitt, G., 2018, A robust estimation of the 3-D intraplate deformation of the North American plate from GPS: Journal of Geophysical Research—Solid Earth, v. 123, p. 4388-4412, https://doi.org/10.1029/ 2017JB015257.
Laskar, J., Fienga, A., Gastineau, M., and Manche, H., 2011, La2010 -- A new orbital solution for the long-term motion of the Earth: Astronomy and Astrophysics, v. 532, A89.
Laskar, J., Robutel, P., Joutel, F., Gastineau, M., Correia, A.C.M., and Levrard, B., 2004, A long term numerical solution for the insolation quantities of the Earth: Astronomy and Astrophysics, v. 428, p. 261-285, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041335.
Lenssen, N., Schmidt, G., Hansen, J., Menne. M., Persin, A., Ruedy, R., and Zyss, D., 2019, Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model: Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres, v. 124, no. 12, p. 6307-6326, doi:10.1029/2018JD029522.
Lisiecki, L.E., and Raymo, M.E., 2005, A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic δ¹⁸O records: Paleoceanography, v. 20, PA1003, doi:10.1029/2004PA001071.
Loulergue, L., and 9 others, 2008, Orbital and millennial-scale features of atmospheric CH₄ over the past 800,000 years: Nature, v. 453, p. 383-386, doi:10.1038/nature06950.
Lüthi, D., and 10 others, 2008, High-resolution carbon dioxide concentration record 650,000-800,000 years before present: Nature, v. 453, p. 379-382, 15 May 2008.
MacFarling Meure, C., Etheridge, D., Trudinger, C., Steele, P., Langenfelds, R., van Ommen, T., Smith, A., and Elkins, J., 2006: The Law Dome CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O Ice Core Records Extended to 2000 years BP: Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 33(14), L14810 10.1029/2006GL026152.
Marcott, S.A., Shakun, J.D., Clark, P.U., and Mix, A.C., 2013, A reconstruction of regional and global temperature for the past 11,300 years: Science, v. 339, p. 1198-1201, doi:10.1126/science.1228026. Supplemental material accessible via https://science.sciencemag.org/content/suppl/2013/03/07/339.6124.1198.DC1
Morlighem, M., and 31 others, 2017, BedMachine v3 -- Complete bed topography and ocean bathymetry mapping of Greenland from multibeam echo sounding combined with mass conservation: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 44, p. 11,051–11,061, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074954.
Veres, D., and 15 others, 2013, The Antarctic ice core chronology (AICC2012) -- an optimized multi-parameter and multi-site dating approach for the last 120 thousand years: Climates of the Past, v. 9, p. 1733-1748, doi:10.5194/cp-9-1733-2013.

A must-read article

New York Times Magazine article " Losing Earth: The Decade We Almost Stopped Climate Change " by Nathaniel Rich, with photos and videos by George Steinmetz.

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